Henry VIII takes the title 'King of Ireland' in 1541, and his children finish the work by sword, by plantation, and by the bargain called surrender and regrant. Laois and Offaly are planted in the 1550s, Munster after the Desmond rebellions of the 1580s. Only Gaelic Ulster is left standing. It falls with Hugh O'Neill's Nine Years' War: Kinsale in 1601, and the Treaty of Mellifont in 1603.
O'Neill and O'Donnell sail from Rathmullan into exile — and never return.
Quick answersWhen was the Tudor Conquest in Ireland?
The Tudor Conquest spans 1542 to 1607 in this atlas. Henry VIII takes the title 'King of Ireland' in 1541, and his children finish the work by sword, by plantation, and by the bargain called surrender and regrant.
Who ruled Ireland during the Tudor Conquest?
Power was divided: Kingdom of Ireland (Tudor crown) (22 counties); O'Neill of Tír Eoghain (3 counties); Clandeboye O'Neills & MacDonnells (2 counties); O'Donnell of Tír Chonaill (1 county); Fermanagh (Maguire) (1 county), among others. County boundaries are modern approximations.
What is a lesser-known fact about the Tudor Conquest?
In 1593 the pirate queen Gráinne Mhaol, Grace O'Malley of Mayo, sailed to Greenwich and negotiated with Elizabeth I face to face. Having no English and the queen no Irish, the two women conversed in Latin.
↗ links go to the relevant Wikipedia article for each event and ruler (sources & further reading).