Seanfhocail — the old words

Irish sayings & proverbs

34 seanfhocail, each in the Irish it is said in, with a pronunciation and what it really means — which is often not what the tidy English version suggests.

Seanfhocal — “old word”

A proverb in Irish is literally an old word, and they are used the way a hammer is used: to end an argument, to excuse a decision, to say the unsayable politely. Most are short enough to be a single breath, and many rhyme or alliterate in Irish in a way no translation carries — tús maith leath na hoibre has a swing that “a good start is half the work” simply does not.

People and each other

Ní neart go cur le chéile
“nee nyart guh cur le KHAY-la”
There is no strength without unity

The motto at the foot of this site.

Ar scáth a chéile a mhaireann na daoine
“er skaw a KHAY-la a WAR-un na DEE-nya”
People live in one another's shelter

Perhaps the truest sentence in the language, and the one most quoted in hard years — it was everywhere in Ireland during the pandemic.

Giorraíonn beirt bóthar
“GIR-ee-un bert BOH-har”
Two people shorten a road
Aithníonn ciaróg ciaróg eile
“AH-nyun KEER-ohg KEER-ohg EL-a”
One beetle recognises another

It takes one to know one.

Is minic a bhris béal duine a shrón
“iss MIN-ik a vrish bayl DIN-a a hrohn”
Many a time a person's mouth broke their nose
Ar mhaithe leis féin a dhéanann an cat crónán
“er WAH-ha lesh fayn a YAY-nun un cat KROH-nawn”
It is for its own sake that the cat purrs
Is binn béal ina thost
“iss binn bayl in-a host”
A silent mouth is sweet

Binn is the word used for music and for birdsong. The proverb is not telling you to shut up; it is saying that silence, done well, is a kind of music.

Ní scéal rúin é má chluineann triúr é
“nee shkayl roon ay maw KHLIN-un troor ay”
It is not a secret if three people hear it

The arithmetic of a small place.

Ní thuigeann an sách an seang
“nee HIG-un un sawkh un shang”
The well-fed does not understand the lean

Sách is full, seang is slender or hungry. Said of anyone comfortable explaining hardship to somebody in it.

Casfar na daoine ar a chéile ach ní chasfar na cnoic
“KASS-fur na DEE-nya er a KHAY-la akh nee KHASS-fur na knick”
People will meet one another, but the hills will not

You will run into anyone, eventually. The hills stay where they are put.

An cleas a bhíonn ag an athair, bíonn sé ag an mac
“un class a vee-un eg un AH-hir, bee-un shay eg un mock”
The trick the father has, the son has

Like father, like son — but cleas is a trick or a knack rather than a likeness, so the Irish is about what is learned by watching.

Work, land and time

Bíonn siúlach scéalach
“BEE-un SHOO-lukh SHKAY-lukh”
Travellers have tales to tell
Is maith an scéalaí an aimsir
“iss mah un SHKAY-lee un AM-shir”
Time is a good storyteller

Time will tell.

An té nach gcuireann san earrach ní bhainfidh sé san fhómhar
“un tay nakh GIR-un sun AR-akh nee VAN-hee shay sun OH-war”
He who does not sow in spring will not reap in autumn

The plainest possible statement of cause and effect, from a people for whom getting it wrong meant hunger.

Bíonn gach tosú lag
“bee-un gakh TUS-oo lag”
Every beginning is weak

The companion to tús maith leath na hoibre: a good start is half the work, and every start is feeble anyway. Both are true.

Language and country

Tír gan teanga, tír gan anam
“teer gun TANG-a, teer gun AN-um”
A country without a language is a country without a soul

Attributed to Pearse, and the rallying cry of the language revival.

Níl aon tinteán mar do thinteán féin
“neel ayn TIN-tawn mar duh HIN-tawn fayn”
There is no hearth like your own hearth

The Irish for 'there's no place like home' — and note that home is the fire, not the house.

Is fearr Gaeilge bhriste ná Béarla cliste
“iss far GAYL-ge VRISH-ta naw BAYR-la KLISH-ta”
Broken Irish is better than clever English

The kindest thing you can say to a learner, and the reason many people keep going.

Beatha teanga í a labhairt
“BA-ha TANG-a ee a LOW-ert”
The life of a language is to speak it

Sense, luck and the way of things

An rud is annamh is iontach
“un rud iss AN-uv iss EEN-tukh”
What is seldom is wonderful
Ní thagann ciall roimh aois
“nee HAG-un KEE-al riv eesh”
Sense does not come before age
Cuir síoda ar ghabhar ach is gabhar i gcónaí é
“kir SHEE-da er GHOW-er okh iss GOW-er ih GOH-nee ay”
Put silk on a goat and it is still a goat
Ní bhíonn saoi gan locht
“nee VEE-un see gun lokht”
There is no wise man without fault
Níl saoi gan locht agus ní raibh riamh
“neel see gun lokht OG-us nee rev reev”
There is no one without fault, and there never was
Filleann an feall ar an bhfeallaire
“FIL-un un fal er un VAL-er-a”
The betrayal returns to the betrayer

What goes around comes around.

Is glas iad na cnoic i bhfad uainn
“iss glass ee-ad na knick i wad OO-in”
Distant hills are green

The Irish for the grass being greener — and a sharper image, because in Ireland the hills genuinely are green, and genuinely do look better from far off.

Bíonn dhá insint ar scéal
“bee-un gaw IN-shint er shkayl”
There are two tellings to a story

Usually finished, in English, as 'and twelve versions of a song'.

Is fearr rith maith ná drochsheasamh
“iss far rih mah naw drukh-HASS-uv”
A good run is better than a bad stand

Retreat, sensibly done, beats a stand you are going to lose. A country that lost a great many stands came by this one honestly.

Ní mar a shíltear a bhítear
“nee mar a HEEL-tar a VEE-tar”
Things are not as they seem

Impossible to translate tidily — both verbs are impersonal, so the Irish says something more like 'it is not as it is thought to be'.

More seanfhocail

Is fearr an tsláinte ná na táinte
“iss far un TLAWN-cha naw na TAWN-cha”
Health is better than herds

Táinte are cattle — wealth, in a country that counted riches in cows. The rhyme is the point.

Tús maith leath na hoibre
“toos mah lah na HIB-ra”
A good start is half the work
Mol an óige agus tiocfaidh sí
“mul un OH-ga OG-us CHUK-ee shee”
Praise the young and they will flourish
An té a bhíonn amuigh, fuaraíonn a chuid
“un tay a VEE-un a-MWEE, FOO-ree-un a khid”
He who is out, his share grows cold

Out of sight, out of mind — with a colder edge.

Níor bhris focal maith fiacail riamh
“neer vrish FUK-al mah FEE-a-kil reev”
A good word never broke a tooth

Kindness costs nothing. It appears in English collections attached to the wrong Irish original often enough that it is worth setting down properly.

And the everyday phrases

Not proverbs — just the Irish you would need to get through a morning.

Dia duit
“DEE-a ditch”
Hello — literally 'God to you'
Conas atá tú?
“KUN-us a-TAW too”
How are you?
Táim go maith
“tawm guh mah”
I am well
Go raibh maith agat
“guh rev MAH ug-ut”
Thank you
Le do thoil
“le duh hull”
Please
Slán
“slawn”
Goodbye — literally 'safe'
Fáilte
“FAWL-cha”
Welcome
Tá fáilte romhat
“taw FAWL-cha rote”
You're welcome
Gabh mo leithscéal
“gov muh LESH-kayl”
Excuse me — literally 'take my half-story'
Cad is ainm duit?
“kod iss AN-im ditch”
What is your name?
…is ainm dom
“…iss AN-im dum”
My name is…
An bhfuil Gaeilge agat?
“un will GAYL-ge ug-ut”
Do you have Irish?
Tá beagán agam
“taw BYUG-awn ug-um”
I have a little
Oíche mhaith
“EE-ha wah”
Good night
Maith thú!
“mah hoo”
Well done! Good on you!
Tóg go bog é
“tohg guh bug ay”
Take it easy

Spellings follow the modern standard, so they may differ from older printed collections. Pronunciations give the commonest Irish-English form; the dialects differ. Sources: Wikipedia — List of English words of Irish origin, Online Etymology Dictionary, Foclóir — the New English-Irish Dictionary, Teanglann — Irish dictionary and pronunciation, Dúchas — the Schools' Folklore Collection. Know one we are missing? Send it to us →

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