1949 — 1997

The Republic & the Troubles

The Republic of Ireland is declared in 1949. Whitaker and Lemass open the economy, and in 1973 both parts of Ireland join the EEC. In the North the civil rights movement of the late 1960s collapses into thirty years of the Troubles and some 3,500 dead. The ceasefires of the 1990s open a door.

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📜 The chronicle — events of this age
1949
Republic of Ireland
The state leaves the Commonwealth; the Republic is formally declared at Easter.
1955
Ireland joins the UN
A small state finds a big diplomatic voice — peacekeeping becomes an Irish trade.
1958
Economic Development
Whitaker's grey paper ends protectionism and begins the modern economy.
1961
Telefís Éireann
Irish television begins on New Year's Eve.
1963
JFK comes home
The first Catholic US president visits New Ross — 'the best four days of my life'.
1969
The Troubles begin
The Battle of the Bogside and the burning of Bombay Street; British troops deploy.
1972
Bloody Sunday and Direct Rule
Thirteen die in Derry; Stormont falls; the Republic votes to join Europe.
1973
Into the EEC
Ireland (and the UK) join the European Community — the border becomes, for a while, invisible to trade.
1974
Dublin–Monaghan bombings
33 die in the Troubles' deadliest single day — in the Republic.
1979
The Pope in Ireland
A third of the population attends a single Mass in the Phoenix Park.
1981
Hunger strikes
Ten men die in the Maze; Bobby Sands is elected MP from his prison bed.
1985
Anglo-Irish Agreement
Dublin gains a formal voice in Northern affairs; unionism protests en masse.
1990
Mary Robinson elected
Ireland's first woman president: 'Instead of rocking the cradle, they rocked the system'.
1994
Ceasefires — and Riverdance
The guns fall silent in August; a Eurovision interval act conquers the world in April.
Quick answers
When was the Republic & the Troubles in Ireland?

The Republic & the Troubles spans 1949 to 1997 in this atlas. The Republic of Ireland is declared in 1949.

Who ruled Ireland during the Republic & the Troubles?

Power was divided: Republic of Ireland (26 counties); Northern Ireland (UK) (6 counties). County boundaries are modern approximations.

What is a lesser-known fact about the Republic & the Troubles?

Through the worst of the Troubles, a Derry shopkeeper named Brendan Duddy ran a secret back-channel between the IRA and British intelligence from his own living room — for over twenty years. The peace process travelled through his front door.

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