1250 — 1333

High Tide of the Colony

The Lordship of Ireland reaches its greatest extent. De Burghs in Connacht, Geraldines in Kerry, perhaps two-thirds of the island paying rent to a Norman lord. Then it turns. The Bruce invasion of 1315 to 1318, famine behind it, and in 1333 the murder of the last de Burgh earl. The colony begins its long ebb.

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📜 The chronicle — events of this age
1258
Brian O'Neill's bid
Gaelic kings offer Brian O'Neill the high kingship; the attempt dies at Downpatrick in 1260.
1297
First shired parliament
Dublin summons knights of the shires — Ireland's parliamentary tradition begins.
1315
Bruce invasion
Edward Bruce lands at Larne with a Scots army; three years of war and famine follow.
1316
Edward Bruce crowned
Near Dundalk, Scotland's prince is crowned King of Ireland.
1318
Faughart and Dysert O'Dea
Bruce is killed; in Clare the O'Briens destroy the de Clares — Thomond stays Gaelic.
1333
Murder of the Brown Earl
The last resident earl of Ulster is killed; Norman Connacht and Ulster begin to unravel.
Quick answers
When was High Tide of the Colony in Ireland?

High Tide of the Colony spans 1250 to 1333 in this atlas. The Lordship of Ireland reaches its greatest extent.

Who ruled Ireland during High Tide of the Colony?

Power was divided: Anglo-Norman Lordship of Ireland (17 counties); Airgíalla (Oriel) (3 counties); Earldom of Ulster (2 counties); Tír Eoghain (Mac Lochlainn / O'Neill) (2 counties); Bréifne (O'Rourke) (2 counties), among others. County boundaries are modern approximations.

What is a lesser-known fact about High Tide of the Colony?

For two years Ireland had a Scottish king. Edward Bruce, brother of Robert, was crowned King of Ireland in 1316 and ravaged the colony until he was killed at Faughart in 1318 — during a famine so dire the annals accuse his own army of cannibalism.

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