The rising of 1641 turns into eleven years of war, fought four ways: Confederate Catholics, English royalists, English parliamentarians, and a Scots army in Ulster. From 1642 most of the country is governed from Kilkenny by the Catholic Confederation. Then Cromwell lands in 1649. Drogheda, Wexford, and a conquest that ends in the mass confiscation of land.
Mass confiscation: Catholic landowners are ordered west — 'to Hell or to Connacht'.
Quick answersWhen was Confederate Ireland & Cromwell in Ireland?
Confederate Ireland & Cromwell spans 1641 to 1652 in this atlas. The rising of 1641 turns into eleven years of war, fought four ways: Confederate Catholics, English royalists, English parliamentarians, and a Scots army in Ulster.
Who ruled Ireland during Confederate Ireland & Cromwell?
Power was divided: Confederate Ireland (28 counties); English Parliament garrisons (2 counties); Scottish Covenanter army (2 counties). County boundaries are modern approximations.
What is a lesser-known fact about Confederate Ireland & Cromwell?
For seven years Kilkenny was effectively the capital of an independent Catholic Ireland, with its own parliament, mint, printing press and ambassadors from Rome, Spain and France — a fact quietly absent from most schoolbooks.
↗ links go to the relevant Wikipedia article for each event and ruler (sources & further reading).